See also the corresponding code chart.
02B0 Spacing Modifier Letters 02FF
Latin superscript modifier letters | ||
| See also superscript Latin letters in the Phonetic Extensions block starting at 1D00. | ||
| → | 2071 ⁱ superscript latin small letter i | |
| → | 207F ⁿ superscript latin small letter n | |
| 02B0 | ʰ | MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H |
| • aspiration | ||
| ≈ <super> 0068 h | ||
| 02B1 | ʱ | MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H WITH HOOK |
| • breathy voiced, murmured | ||
| → 0266 ɦ latin small letter h with hook | ||
| → 0324 ◌̤ combining diaeresis below | ||
| ≈ <super> 0266 ɦ | ||
| 02B2 | ʲ | MODIFIER LETTER SMALL J |
| • palatalization | ||
| → 0321 ◌̡ combining palatalized hook below | ||
| ≈ <super> 006A j | ||
| 02B3 | ʳ | MODIFIER LETTER SMALL R |
| ≈ <super> 0072 r | ||
| 02B4 | ʴ | MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R |
| → 0279 ɹ latin small letter turned r | ||
| ≈ <super> 0279 ɹ | ||
| 02B5 | ʵ | MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R WITH HOOK |
| → 027B ɻ latin small letter turned r with hook | ||
| ≈ <super> 027B ɻ | ||
| 02B6 | ʶ | MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL INVERTED R |
| • preceding four used for r-coloring or r-offglides | ||
| → 0281 ʁ latin letter small capital inverted r | ||
| ≈ <super> 0281 ʁ | ||
| 02B7 | ʷ | MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W |
| • labialization | ||
| → 032B ◌̫ combining inverted double arch below | ||
| ≈ <super> 0077 w | ||
| 02B8 | ʸ | MODIFIER LETTER SMALL Y |
| • palatalization | ||
| • common Americanist usage for 02B2 ʲ | ||
| ≈ <super> 0079 y | ||
Miscellaneous phonetic modifiers | ||
| 02B9 | ʹ | MODIFIER LETTER PRIME |
| • stress, emphasis | ||
| • transliteration of mjagkij znak (Cyrillic soft sign: palatalization) | ||
| • transliteration of Hebrew geresh | ||
| → 0027 ' apostrophe | ||
| → 00B4 ´ acute accent | ||
| → 02CA ˊ modifier letter acute accent | ||
| → 0301 ◌́ combining acute accent | ||
| → 0374 ʹ greek numeral sign | ||
| → 05F3 ׳ hebrew punctuation geresh | ||
| → 2032 ′ prime | ||
| 02BA | ʺ | MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE PRIME |
| • exaggerated stress, contrastive stress | ||
| • transliteration of tverdyj znak (Cyrillic hard sign: no palatalization) | ||
| → 0022 " quotation mark | ||
| → 030B ◌̋ combining double acute accent | ||
| → 2033 ″ double prime | ||
| 02BB | ʻ | MODIFIER LETTER TURNED COMMA |
| • typographical alternate for 02BD ʽ or 02BF ʿ | ||
| • used in some Polynesian orthographies for glottal stop | ||
| • Hawaiʻian: ʻokina | ||
| • Tongan: fakauʻa | ||
| → 0312 ◌̒ combining turned comma above | ||
| → 07F5 ߵ nko low tone apostrophe | ||
| → 2018 ‘ left single quotation mark | ||
| 02BC | ʼ | MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE |
| = apostrophe | ||
| • glottal stop, glottalization, ejective | ||
| • many languages use this as a letter of their alphabets | ||
| • used as a tone marker in Bodo and Dogri | ||
| • indicates vowel elongation, or various truncations and ellipsis in Maithili | ||
| • used as a modifier letter in the Lisu script | ||
| • 2019 ’ is the preferred character for a punctuation apostrophe | ||
| → 0027 ' apostrophe | ||
| → 0313 ◌̓ combining comma above | ||
| → 0315 ◌̕ combining comma above right | ||
| → 055A ՚ armenian apostrophe | ||
| → 07F4 ߴ nko high tone apostrophe | ||
| → 1FBF ᾿ greek psili | ||
| → 2019 ’ right single quotation mark | ||
| 02BD | ʽ | MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED COMMA |
| • weak aspiration | ||
| → 0314 ◌̔ combining reversed comma above | ||
| → 0559 ՙ armenian modifier letter left half ring | ||
| → 1FFE ῾ greek dasia | ||
| → 201B ‛ single high-reversed-9 quotation mark | ||
| 02BE | ʾ | MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT HALF RING |
| • transliteration of Arabic hamza (glottal stop) | ||
| • transliteration of Hebrew alef | ||
| → 055A ՚ armenian apostrophe | ||
| → 05D0 א hebrew letter alef | ||
| → 0621 ء arabic letter hamza | ||
| 02BF | ʿ | MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING |
| • transliteration of Arabic ain (voiced pharyngeal fricative) | ||
| • transliteration of Hebrew ayin | ||
| → 0559 ՙ armenian modifier letter left half ring | ||
| → 05E2 ע hebrew letter ayin | ||
| → 0639 ع arabic letter ain | ||
| 02C0 | ˀ | MODIFIER LETTER GLOTTAL STOP |
| • ejective or glottalized | ||
| • typographical alternate for 02BC ʼ or 02BE ʾ | ||
| → 0294 ʔ latin letter glottal stop | ||
| → 0309 ◌̉ combining hook above | ||
| 02C1 | ˁ | MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP |
| • typographical alternate for 02BF ʿ | ||
| → 0295 ʕ latin letter pharyngeal voiced fricative | ||
| 02C2 | ˂ | MODIFIER LETTER LEFT ARROWHEAD |
| • fronted articulation | ||
| 02C3 | ˃ | MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT ARROWHEAD |
| • backed articulation | ||
| 02C4 | ˄ | MODIFIER LETTER UP ARROWHEAD |
| • raised articulation | ||
| → 005E ^ circumflex accent | ||
| → 2303 ⌃ up arrowhead | ||
| 02C5 | ˅ | MODIFIER LETTER DOWN ARROWHEAD |
| • lowered articulation | ||
| 02C6 | ˆ | MODIFIER LETTER CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT |
| • rising-falling tone, falling tone, secondary stress, etc. | ||
| → 005E ^ circumflex accent | ||
| → 0302 ◌̂ combining circumflex accent | ||
| → A788 ꞈ modifier letter low circumflex accent | ||
| 02C7 | ˇ | CARON |
| = hacek | ||
| • falling-rising tone | ||
| • Mandarin Chinese third tone | ||
| → 030C ◌̌ combining caron | ||
| 02C8 | ˈ | MODIFIER LETTER VERTICAL LINE |
| • primary stress, downstep | ||
| • precedes letter or syllable modified | ||
| → 0027 ' apostrophe | ||
| → 030D ◌̍ combining vertical line above | ||
| → 208F modifier letter high and low vertical line | ||
| 02C9 | ˉ | MODIFIER LETTER MACRON |
| • high level tone | ||
| • precedes or follows letter or syllable modified | ||
| • Mandarin Chinese first tone | ||
| → 00AF ¯ macron | ||
| → 0304 ◌̄ combining macron | ||
| 02CA | ˊ | MODIFIER LETTER ACUTE ACCENT |
| • high-rising tone (IPA), high tone, primary stress | ||
| • Mandarin Chinese second tone | ||
| → 00B4 ´ acute accent | ||
| → 02B9 ʹ modifier letter prime | ||
| → 0301 ◌́ combining acute accent | ||
| → 0374 ʹ greek numeral sign | ||
| → 055B ՛ armenian emphasis mark | ||
| 02CB | ˋ | MODIFIER LETTER GRAVE ACCENT |
| • high-falling tone (IPA), low tone, secondary or tertiary stress | ||
| • Mandarin Chinese fourth tone | ||
| → 0060 ` grave accent | ||
| → 0300 ◌̀ combining grave accent | ||
| → 055D ՝ armenian comma | ||
| 02CC | ˌ | MODIFIER LETTER LOW VERTICAL LINE |
| • secondary stress | ||
| • precedes letter or syllable modified | ||
| → 0329 ◌̩ combining vertical line below | ||
| 02CD | ˍ | MODIFIER LETTER LOW MACRON |
| • low level tone | ||
| • used as a modifier letter in the Lisu script | ||
| → 005F _ low line | ||
| → 0331 ◌̱ combining macron below | ||
| 02CE | ˎ | MODIFIER LETTER LOW GRAVE ACCENT |
| • low-falling tone | ||
| 02CF | ˏ | MODIFIER LETTER LOW ACUTE ACCENT |
| • low-rising tone | ||
| → 0375 ͵ greek lower numeral sign | ||
| 02D0 | ː | MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON |
| • length mark | ||
| → 003A : colon | ||
| 02D1 | ˑ | MODIFIER LETTER HALF TRIANGULAR COLON |
| • half-length mark | ||
| → 00B7 · middle dot | ||
| 02D2 | ˒ | MODIFIER LETTER CENTRED RIGHT HALF RING |
| • more rounded articulation | ||
| 02D3 | ˓ | MODIFIER LETTER CENTRED LEFT HALF RING |
| • less rounded articulation | ||
| 02D4 | ˔ | MODIFIER LETTER UP TACK |
| • vowel raising or closing | ||
| → 031D ◌̝ combining up tack below | ||
| → 0323 ◌̣ combining dot below | ||
| 02D5 | ˕ | MODIFIER LETTER DOWN TACK |
| • vowel lowering or opening | ||
| → 031C ◌̜ combining left half ring below | ||
| → 031E ◌̞ combining down tack below | ||
| 02D6 | ˖ | MODIFIER LETTER PLUS SIGN |
| • advanced or fronted articulation | ||
| → 031F ◌̟ combining plus sign below | ||
| 02D7 | ˗ | MODIFIER LETTER MINUS SIGN |
| • retracted or backed articulation | ||
| • glyph may have small end-serifs | ||
| → 0320 ◌̠ combining minus sign below | ||
| → 2212 − minus sign | ||
Spacing clones of diacritics | ||
| 02D8 | ˘ | BREVE |
| → 0306 ◌̆ combining breve | ||
| ≈ 0020 0306 ◌̆ | ||
| 02D9 | ˙ | DOT ABOVE |
| • Mandarin Chinese fifth tone (light or neutral) | ||
| → 0307 ◌̇ combining dot above | ||
| ≈ 0020 0307 ◌̇ | ||
| 02DA | ˚ | RING ABOVE |
| → 00B0 ° degree sign | ||
| → 030A ◌̊ combining ring above | ||
| ≈ 0020 030A ◌̊ | ||
| 02DB | ˛ | OGONEK |
| → 0328 ◌̨ combining ogonek | ||
| ≈ 0020 0328 ◌̨ | ||
| 02DC | ˜ | SMALL TILDE |
| → 007E ~ tilde | ||
| → 0303 ◌̃ combining tilde | ||
| → 223C ∼ tilde operator | ||
| ≈ 0020 0303 ◌̃ | ||
| 02DD | ˝ | DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT |
| → 030B ◌̋ combining double acute accent | ||
| ≈ 0020 030B ◌̋ | ||
Additions based on 1989 IPA | ||
| 02DE | ˞ | MODIFIER LETTER RHOTIC HOOK |
| • rhotacization in vowel | ||
| • often ligated: 025A ɚ = 0259 ə + 02DE ˞ ; 025D ɝ = 025C ɜ + 02DE ˞ | ||
| 02DF | ˟ | MODIFIER LETTER CROSS ACCENT |
| • Swedish grave accent | ||
| 02E0 | ˠ | MODIFIER LETTER SMALL GAMMA |
| • these modifier letters are occasionally used in transcription of affricates | ||
| ≈ <super> 0263 ɣ | ||
| 02E1 | ˡ | MODIFIER LETTER SMALL L |
| ≈ <super> 006C l | ||
| 02E2 | ˢ | MODIFIER LETTER SMALL S |
| ≈ <super> 0073 s | ||
| 02E3 | ˣ | MODIFIER LETTER SMALL X |
| ≈ <super> 0078 x | ||
| 02E4 | ˤ | MODIFIER LETTER SMALL REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP |
| ≈ <super> 0295 ʕ | ||
Tone letters | ||
| 02E5 | ˥ | MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH TONE BAR |
| 02E6 | ˦ | MODIFIER LETTER HIGH TONE BAR |
| 02E7 | ˧ | MODIFIER LETTER MID TONE BAR |
| 02E8 | ˨ | MODIFIER LETTER LOW TONE BAR |
| 02E9 | ˩ | MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW TONE BAR |
Extended Bopomofo tone marks | ||
| 02EA | ˪ | MODIFIER LETTER YIN DEPARTING TONE MARK |
| 02EB | ˫ | MODIFIER LETTER YANG DEPARTING TONE MARK |
IPA modifiers | ||
| 02EC | ˬ | MODIFIER LETTER VOICING |
| 02ED | ˭ | MODIFIER LETTER UNASPIRATED |
| → A78A ꞊ modifier letter short equals sign | ||
Other modifier letter | ||
| 02EE | ˮ | MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE APOSTROPHE |
| • Nenets | ||
UPA modifiers | ||
| 02EF | ˯ | MODIFIER LETTER LOW DOWN ARROWHEAD |
| 02F0 | ˰ | MODIFIER LETTER LOW UP ARROWHEAD |
| 02F1 | ˱ | MODIFIER LETTER LOW LEFT ARROWHEAD |
| 02F2 | ˲ | MODIFIER LETTER LOW RIGHT ARROWHEAD |
| 02F3 | ˳ | MODIFIER LETTER LOW RING |
| → 0325 ◌̥ combining ring below | ||
| 02F4 | ˴ | MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE GRAVE ACCENT |
| 02F5 | ˵ | MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT |
| 02F6 | ˶ | MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT |
| 02F7 | ˷ | MODIFIER LETTER LOW TILDE |
| 02F8 | ˸ | MODIFIER LETTER RAISED COLON |
| 02F9 | ˹ | MODIFIER LETTER BEGIN HIGH TONE |
| 02FA | ˺ | MODIFIER LETTER END HIGH TONE |
| 02FB | ˻ | MODIFIER LETTER BEGIN LOW TONE |
| 02FC | ˼ | MODIFIER LETTER END LOW TONE |
| 02FD | ˽ | MODIFIER LETTER SHELF |
| 02FE | ˾ | MODIFIER LETTER OPEN SHELF |
| 02FF | ˿ | MODIFIER LETTER LOW LEFT ARROW |